CalcSI Blog

Background knowledge and practical explanations for the topics our tools cover — from cryptography to travel and visa rules, web standards, and security.

2026-07-10 · 8 min read

GiroCode explained: how the QR code for SEPA transfers works

More and more invoices, donation flyers and club letters now carry a small QR code labeled "GiroCode". Scan it with your banking app and you no longer have to type in the IBAN, amount and payment reference by hand: the…

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2026-06-17 · 8 min read

Germany inflation May 2026: 2.6 % CPI, 2.7 % HICP — what the headlines hide

Today, 17 June 2026, the Federal Statistical Office confirmed the final inflation figures for May 2026: consumer price index (CPI) at +2.6 % year-on-year, harmonised consumer price index (HICP) at +2.7 %. Core inflation…

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2026-06-16 · 8 min read

OKLCH and OKLab in 2026: why modern CSS colour replaces your RGB

Since early 2026 Chrome 111+, Edge 111+, Firefox 113+ and Safari 15.4+ all support oklch(), oklab() and color-mix() — covering over 95 % of browsers worldwide. What was an experimental feature behind browser flags two…

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2026-06-15 · 8 min read

2026 heat pump subsidy: up to 70 % BAFA grant — what actually lands in your pocket

A heat pump in Germany in 2026 costs on average EUR 27,000–32,000 including installation. Sounds like a lot — and it is. But: the BEG (Federal Subsidy for Efficient Buildings) pays back up to 70 % of that. Anyone…

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2026-06-14 · 9 min read

Passkeys vs. passwords 2026: NIST 800-63-4 and the real-world rollout

2026 is the year passkeys jumped from 'cool but who actually uses them?' to 'why do you still have passwords?' The FIDO Alliance reports over 1 billion activated passkeys in June 2026, 48 % of top-100 sites support the…

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2026-06-13 · 6 min read

2026 caffeine study: why your deep sleep suffers even when you fall asleep

In May 2026 a team at the University of Szczecin published a meta-analysis of 32 sleep studies covering 1980 to 2026. The headline finding is subtle but important: even when you fall asleep after the afternoon espresso…

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2026-06-12 · 9 min read

EES & ETIAS 2026: what the new EU border systems change for travellers

Since 10 April 2026 the new Entry/Exit System (EES) has been live at every Schengen external border. In Q4 2026, ETIAS arrives — an online pre-authorisation for visa-exempt travellers. What is genuinely relevant if you…

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2026-06-11 · 9 min read

ECB rate hike 11 June 2026: what +25 basis points mean for you

On Thursday, 11 June 2026, the European Central Bank raised its key rates for the first time in more than a year — all three by 25 basis points. The deposit rate is now at 2.25 %, the main refinancing rate at 2.40 %…

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2026-06-10 · 11 min read

Y2038 — the second millennium bug (June 2026 update)

On 19 January 2038, at 03:14:07 UTC, the signed 32-bit Unix timestamp overflows. That sounds like tomorrow's problem, but in 2026 it is already today's: contracts with 30-year terms, database schemas being frozen now…

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2026-06-09 · 3 min read

QR Codes: From the Toyota Factory to Your Restaurant Menu

Everyone recognizes the black-and-white square: on the restaurant menu, on a parcel label, on the EPC payment in online banking, on a train ticket. What hardly anyone knows: the QR code was not invented for consumers…

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2026-06-08 · 6 min read

Lorem Ipsum: Where the Placeholder Text Comes From and When It Hurts Your Design

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit is probably the most-read and least-understood sentence in the design world. It looks like Latin but doesn't quite make sense. It has been preinstalled in every…

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2026-06-07 · 8 min read

Markdown in 10 Minutes: The Essential Syntax You Actually Need

Markdown is probably the most productive language youll ever learn -- a few dozen rules, useful for the rest of your career. README files on GitHub, issues on GitLab, messages on Discord, docs in MkDocs, blog posts in…

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2026-06-06 · 8 min read

JSON vs YAML vs TOML: Which Config Format Fits Which Project?

Three letters, three worlds: JSON, YAML, and TOML all solve the same problem -- structured data in plain text -- but they do it in fundamentally different ways. Pick the wrong one for your project and you pay with bugs…

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2026-06-05 · 7 min read

Slugs and Permalinks in 2026: why URL structure still matters

A URL is more than a technical address — it's a tiny piece of brand communication, an SEO signal, a trust lever in a shared tweet, and a page's first impression in Google's search results. Even so, the 'slug' — the…

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2026-06-04 · 9 min read

VAT in Europe 2026: why every country has different rates

19 percent in Germany, 20 percent in France, 27 percent in Hungary, 8.1 percent in Switzerland — and in Luxembourg there is a rate of exactly 3 percent for certain books. Anyone who invoices across Europe, runs an…

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2026-06-03 · 8 min read

Tipping Around the World 2026: Where, When, and How Much

Few topics are as awkward in everyday travel as tipping. Tip 10 percent in New York and you'll get cold looks; tip 10 percent in Tokyo and you insult the server. In Paris tipping is optional, in Berlin expected, in…

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2026-06-02 · 8 min read

Building-Savings vs. ETF Plan in 2026: Is Bausparen Still Worth It?

The Bausparvertrag is one of the most German financial products of all: 28 million contracts are active in Germany, the market share of Schwaebisch Hall, BHW and LBS has been stable for decades, and an ad brochure hangs…

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2026-06-01 · 5 min read

Personal Inflation — Why Your Inflation Rate Is Never 2%

When the evening news reports that inflation stands at 2.4 percent, and at the same time you feel your weekly shop is now a third more expensive than two years ago — that isn't perception bias. It's because the official…

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2026-05-31 · 4 min read

Regex Lookaheads and Lookbehinds — Understand Them in 5 Minutes

Lookarounds are the feature that turn regular expressions from a toy into a professional tool. They let you write conditions like "check whether a word follows without consuming it" or "find a comma that isn't wrapped…

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2026-05-30 · 9 min read

TDEE, BMR & PAL — how many calories you actually need

Three calorie calculators, three results, all different — and none of them tells you why. Behind it sits the math of BMR (basal metabolic rate), PAL (activity factor), and TDEE (total daily energy expenditure), plus…

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2026-05-29 · 10 min read

UUID v4 vs. v7 vs. ULID vs. Snowflake — which ID when?

When creating a new table, most developers reflexively reach for UUIDv4 as the primary key — it's available everywhere, unique, and simple. But v4 has a stubborn performance problem in large tables that UUIDv7 (RFC…

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2026-05-28 · 9 min read

German real estate transfer tax 2026: state-by-state rates and the biggest legal savings

Buying a house or apartment in Germany costs more than the headline price: real estate transfer tax (Grunderwerbsteuer) sits on top, and it varies a lot by state. On a 500,000 EUR property, depending on the state…

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2026-05-27 · 9 min read

Your real hourly wage — why your gross salary lies

60,000 USD a year sounds decent. 40 hours a week times 4.33 weeks a month — quick math, that's around 30 USD per hour gross. But if you count honestly — commute, unpaid overtime, ironing shirts, decompressing on the…

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2026-05-26 · 9 min read

What counts as good contrast? WCAG 2.2, AA, AAA, and why light grey on white isn't enough

Designers love elegant light grey on white. Users with low vision, older people, or anyone reading their phone in summer sunshine hate it. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) have provided concrete numbers…

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2026-05-25 · 9 min read

How long does caffeine really last? Half-life, sleep quality, and the last cup of the day

You have an espresso at 3 pm, feel fine in the evening, and then wonder why you're staring at the ceiling at 2 am. Pharmacokinetics are to blame: caffeine has a surprisingly long half-life, and most people underestimate…

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2026-05-24 · 9 min read

Compound interest & the Rule of 72 — why time is your biggest lever when saving

Albert Einstein allegedly called compound interest the eighth wonder of the world — the quote is unverified, but the math behind it is not. Whoever starts saving early gets a head start that even double the monthly…

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2026-05-23 · 9 min read

How secure is my password, really?

Passwords are like shoes: at some point you have too many, they often pinch, and once in a while you lose one. But unlike shoes, passwords protect access to our digital existence — email, banking, taxes, photos. How…

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2026-05-22 · 9 min read

Understanding and writing cron expressions correctly

Cron expressions are a strange mix of brilliant and cryptic. Five fields with digits and special characters are enough to describe arbitrarily complex schedules — from a daily backup at 03:15 to "every other Tuesday of…

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2026-05-21 · 4 min read

How do JSON Web Tokens (JWT) work?

JSON Web Tokens are everywhere in modern web APIs: single sign-on, OAuth flows, OpenID Connect, serverless authentication — almost everything touches this compact token format. Behind the cryptic-looking string made of…

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2026-05-20 · 9 min read

Understanding the Schengen 90/180 rule

The Schengen 90/180 rule sounds simple at first: stay in for 90 days, then out. In practice, the bookkeeping is trickier, because the 180-day window isn't fixed but rolls forward each day. Anyone traveling visa-free…

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2026-05-19 · 10 min read

BMI vs. body fat percentage — which is more meaningful?

The Body Mass Index is one of the best-known fitness metrics. A single number derived from height and weight — quick to compute, easy to compare. But it has blind spots. Anyone who lifts regularly has probably noticed…

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2026-05-18 · 10 min read

Why SHA-256 is more secure than MD5

Hash algorithms are the quiet workhorse behind file integrity, password storage, digital signatures, and blockchains. But not all hash functions are equally secure: MD5, ubiquitous for decades, is now considered broken…

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2026-05-17 · 8 min read

Save 320 € a month for three years — then ride German rail free for life

Since January 2026 Germany's flat-rate transit pass, the Deutschlandticket, costs 63 euros per month — and from 2027 onwards its price will track an index of labour and energy costs, which all but guarantees further…

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